الموضوع: Who is Luca Pacioli ?!
Who is Luca Pacioli ?!
Luca Pacioli
Luca Pacioli was one of the greatest men of the Renaissance. He is also one of the least well known. This is surprising, for Luca Pacioli's manuscripts and ideas changed the way the world worked then, and continue to affect modern daily life.
Luca Pacioli was born in Sansepulcro, in Tuscany. He was probably born during 1445. His family was poor, and Pacioli's future seemed very unpromising. Pacioli joined a Franciscan monastery in Sansepulcro and became an apprentice to a local businessman. The young Pacioli had always loved mathematics though, and he soon abandoned his apprenticeship to work as a mathematics scholar.
Pacioli befriended the artist Piero della Francesca, one of the first and greatest writers and artists of perspective. Francesca and Pacioli journeyed over the Appenines, where Francesca gave Pacioli access to the library of Frederico, the Count of Urbino. The collection of four thousand books allowed Pacioli to further his knowledge of mathematics.
Francesca also introduced Pacioli to Leon Baptist Alberti, who would become Pacioli's new mentor. Alberti brought Pacioli to Venice and arranged for him to tutor the three sons of the rich merchant Antonio de Reimpose. During this time, in the year 1470, Pacioli wrote his first manuscript at the age of twenty-five. The book was about algebra and was dedicated to the Reimpose boys.
Alberti also introduced Pacioli to Pope Paul II. Paul encouraged Pacioli to become a monk and dedicate his life to God. After Alberti died in 1472, Pacioli took the pope's suggestion, and took the vows of Franciscan Minor.
In 1475, Pacioli became a teacher at the University of Perugia, where he stayed for six years. He was the first lecturer to hold a chair in math at the University. In his lectures, Pacioli stressed the importance of putting theory to practical use. This emphasis on application of theory made him unique among his peers. While at the University of Perugia, Pacioli wrote his second manuscript, dedicated to the "Youth of Perugia."
After 1481, Pacioli wandered throughout Italy, and in some areas outside it, until he was called back to the University of Perugia by the Franciscans in 1486. By this time, Pacioli was beginning to call himself "Magister," meaning master, the equivalent of a full professorship in modern time.
The year 1494 is the only date during Pacioli's life that is absolutely certain. It was during this year that the forty-nine-year-old Pacioli published his famous book Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita (The Collected Knowledge of Arithmetic, Geometry, Proportion and Proportionality). Pacioli wrote the Summa in an attempt to redress the poor state of mathematics teaching in his time. One section in the book made Pacioli famous. The section was Particularis de Computis et Scripturis, a treatise on accounting. De Scripturis was later described by some as "a catalyst that launched the past into the future."(Luca Pacioli: Unsung Hero of the Renaissance) Pacioli was the first person to describe double-entry accounting, also known as the Venetian method. This new system was state-of- the-art, and revolutionized economy and business. The Summa made Pacioli a celebrity and insured him a place in history, as "The Father of Accounting." The Summa was the most widely read mathematical work in all of Italy, and became one of the first books published on the Gutenberg press.
Pacioli's important manuscript made him instantly famous, and he was invited to Milan to teach mathematics at the Court of Duke Lodovico Maria Sforzo in Milan. One of his pupils would be Leonardo da Vinci. During the seven years Pacioli and da Vinci spent together, the two would help each other create two masterpieces that would withstand the test of time. Da Vinci illustrated Pacioli's next and second most important manuscript De Divina Proportione ("Of Divine Proportions"). Pacioli taught da Vinci perspective and proportionality. This knowledge allowed da Vinci to create one of his greatest masterpieces, a mural on the north wall of the Santa Maria de Gracia Dominican cloister. This mural is the most famous painting of the fifteenth century, known as "The Last Supper." The geometry Pacioli taught to da Vinci would occur in many of da Vinci's later works. Da Vinci mentions Pacioli many times in his notes.
In the years that followed Pacioli's relationship with da Vinci, he continued to teach and write. In 1509, De Divina Proportione and a work on Euclid were published in Venice. In the same year, Pacioli gave an important lecture on "Proportion and Proportionality," a lecture that emphasized the relationship of proportion to religion, medicine, law, architecture, grammar, printing, sculpture, music and all the liberal arts.
In 1510, Pacioli was appointed director of the Franciscan monastery in Sansepulcro, much to the dismay of his fellow monks. In 1514, Pope Leo III called Pacioli to the papacy in Rome to become a teacher there. Scholars are unsure about what happened to Pacioli afterwards, but they are fairly certain that he never made it to Rome. Pacioli probably died on June 19, 1517 in the monastery in Sansepulcro.
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يتناول البرنامج معايير تصميم وتقييم المستشفيات الخضراء وطريقة تخطيط وتنظيم وتقييم المستشفيات في ظل التطبيقات الحديثة للمنظمات الطبية. ويركز على المهارات الإدارية والقيادية وإعداد الخطط والدراسات اللازمة لإدارة السلامة البيئية بالمستشفى أو إحد أقسامها وفقاً للمتطلبات المتغيرة والمتجددة في مجال إدارة الرعاية الصحية.
اهم كورس تدريبي لكل المهتمين بمجال التصميم والديكور تتعلم من خلاله استخدام برنامج الأوتوكاد في انتاج رسومات وتصميمات في مجال الديكور يتضمن التدريب العملي على مشروعات تصميم حقيقية تكتسب من خلاله خبرات عملية احترافية
بما أن مهنة التوجيه والإرشاد هي مهاد تطبيقي لعلم النفس ونظرياته، وتخصص يدّرس بدرجات علمية، ولان هذه المهنة إلى جانب كبير من الأهمية والخطر في العلاقة مع المسترشد والإطلاع على أسراره. فيتوجب أن يكون لها قواعد أخلاقية يتقيد بها كل من يمارس هذه المهنة ،لان هذه القواعد هي التي تنظم عمل المرشد وتضع الخطوط العامة التي تساعده على توخي الوقوع فيما يلحق الضرر بالآخرين وكذلك تساعد على توفير الحماية للمهنة من داخلها في حال وقوع انحرافات مع بعض زملاء المهنة. وتعتبر القواعد الأخلاقية ذات أهمية كبيرة في العمل الإرشادي وهي مسؤولية تقع على عاتق المرشد وعليه أن يدرك أن التزامه بالخلق سيضع تصرفاته في الطريق القويم والسليم.
دبلوم تدريبي يؤهل المشاركين على الالمام بدور وأهمية ادارة الجودة الشاملة في الشركات والبنية التحتية للجودة وتكاليف الجودة وكذلك المواصفة الدولية للأيزو 9001 والمواصفة 45001 OHSAS (نظام إدارة السلامة والصحة المهنية)، والمواصفة الدولية الأيزو 19011/2018 (مراجعات نظم الإدارة) ومنهجية الكايزن ومنهجية الستة سيجما ومعايير التميز المؤسسي طبقا للمنهج الاوروبي
دبلومة الإرشاد النفسي تقدم لك الإرشاد والمساعدة للعيش بصحة نفسية جيدة وذلك من خلال التركيز على مفهوم الصحة النفسية ومؤشرات ودلالات الصحة النفسية ومظاهر الصحة النفسية وما هي الأسباب التي تهدد صحتنا النفسية وما هي خصائص الشخصية المتمتعة بالصحة النفسية ثم ينتقل البرنامج الى شرح الفرق بين الإرشاد النفسي والعلاج النفسي وفنيات الإرشاد النفسي والأسس العامة التي تقوم عليها العملية الإرشادية. ويقدم البرنامج تعريفاً بأنماط الشخصيات وكيفية التعامل مع كل نمط ثم ينتقل الى شرح اضطرابات الصحة النفسية كالقلق والخوف المرضي والهستيريا والوسواس القهري والأمراض السيكوسوماتية والاضطرابات الوجدانية واضطرابات النوم و اضطرابات الطعام واضطرابات الإخراج ثم يناقش موضوع الحاجة والحافز وإشباع الحاجات النفسية