الموضوع: The Definition of Management

What do managers have in common? They get things done through their organizations. Managers create the conditions and environment that enable organizations to survive and thrive beyond the tenure of any specific supervisor or manager

A key aspect of managing is recognizing the role and importance of others. Good managers know that the only way they can accomplish anything is through the organization's people. Early twentieth-century management scholar Mary Parker Follett defined management as: the art of getting things done through people

More recently, management theorist Peter Drucker stated that the job of managers is to give direction to their organizations, provide leadership, and decide how to use organizational resources to accomplish goals

Getting things done through people and other resources and providing leadership and direction are what managers do. These activities apply to top executives, the leader of a security team, a supervisor of an accounting department, and a director of sales and marketing. Moreover, management is often considered universal because it uses organizational resources to accomplish goals and attain high performance in all profit and not-for-profit organizations. Thus, the definition of management is as follows

Management is the effective and efficient attainment of organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources

Two important ideas are in this definition: (1) the four functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling and (2) the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner. Managers use a multitude of skills to perform these functions. Though some management theorists identify additional management functions, such as staffing, communicating, or decision making

Exhibit (1): The Process of Management



[مشاهدة الروابط متاحة فقط لأعضاء المنتدى .. ]

Uploaded with [مشاهدة الروابط متاحة فقط لأعضاء المنتدى .. ]