هذا بعض ما كتب عن الاصطلاحين، والعنوان يقول أنه تم الانتقال من المفهوم الأول إلى الثاني في ظل النظام الوظيفي الجديد

From Dream Careers to Extreme Careers: The New Workplace Realities

The Birth of the Dream Career
The dream was born in the middle of the twentieth century. Living through depressions and two world wars, our parents and grandparents
forged an economy that fulfilled the career dream of every workera lifetime job for a lifetime of work. An unofficial motto for the dream
career could have been WORK HARD, LIFE IS TOUGH. Through their hard work, markets

Maintaining the Dream
How did companies keep the dream alive? What did they do to keep employees loyal, productive, and motivated throughout their careers?
The fundamental approach was the carrot and the stick. The carrot was the possibility of lifetime job security, including a progressive career
path up the organizational ladder,

The Death of the Dream Career
Perhaps the most important series of events in American business history occurred in the early 1990s. Throughout the endless
announcements of thousands upon thousands of jobs

The Birth of the Extreme Career
The death of lifetime job security has forever changed the way employees view the role of work in their lives. The cornerstones of the
dream careera lifetime job guarantee with full retirement benefits in exchange for a lifetime of loyalty to the companyare gone. Job security
is now the ultimate oxymoron. Even the most loyal and committed employees understand that their jobs will never again be secure, that a
lifetime with any company is extremely rare. For example, according to Richard Belous, chief economist of the National Planning
Association, 45 million people today are either self-employed or working as temps, part-timers, or consultants.1 That is fully one-third of
the American working population. In Europe, the figure is already close to 50 percent.2
Good-bye, dream careers. We loved you and hoped you'd never go away. Rest in peace.
Hello, extreme careers. We may not love you, but we know you're here to stay.